Effect of fermented camel milk on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory biomarkers of adolescents with metabolic syndrome: A double?blind, randomized, crossover trial
Abstract
Background: Tis study, for the frst time, aimed to assess the e?ects of fermented camel milk (FCM) on glycemic and in?ammatory parameters related to metabolic syndrome (MetS), an aggregation of cardiometabolic risk factors, in adolescents. Materials and Methods: In a double?blind, randomized crossover trial, overweight/obese adolescents (fulflling MetS criteria, aged 11–18 years) were randomly assigned to receive FCM 250 cc per day for an 8?week period, a 4?week washout, and then diluted cow’s yogurt (DCY) 250 cc/day for another 8?week period, or the reverse sequence. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, insulin resistance by
three equations, incretin hormone glucose?dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon?like peptide?1 (GLP1) as well as n?ammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor?alpha (TNF??) were measured before and after each of the four periods. A 3?day food record and physical activity questionnaire were completed before each period. Statistical analyses were done using Minitab and SPSS software considering the signifcance level of 0.05. Results: Twenty?four participants with a mean (standard deviation) age of 13.77 (1.87) years (range: 10.45–16.25 years) (58% girls) completed the study. It resulted in nonsignifcant mean reduction in IL6 (-18.28 pg/mL [95% confdence interval [CI]: -47.48; 10.90]; P = 0.20) and nonsignifcant increase in glucose metabolizing hormones such as GIP (683.10 pg/mL [95% CI: -457.84; 1824.0]; P = 0.22) and GLP1 (6.98 pg/mL [95% CI: -66.61; 80.57]; P = 0.84) by FCM consumption in comparison to DCY. Nonsignifcant decrease was observed in TNF?? in
the frst periods of the study. Te changes of FBS, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance indices were not statistically signifcant as well. Conclusion: According to preliminary positive in?uences of FCM on in?ammatory markers, and fndings related to glucose metabolism, we suggest conducting further studies on its clinical impacts.
three equations, incretin hormone glucose?dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon?like peptide?1 (GLP1) as well as n?ammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor?alpha (TNF??) were measured before and after each of the four periods. A 3?day food record and physical activity questionnaire were completed before each period. Statistical analyses were done using Minitab and SPSS software considering the signifcance level of 0.05. Results: Twenty?four participants with a mean (standard deviation) age of 13.77 (1.87) years (range: 10.45–16.25 years) (58% girls) completed the study. It resulted in nonsignifcant mean reduction in IL6 (-18.28 pg/mL [95% confdence interval [CI]: -47.48; 10.90]; P = 0.20) and nonsignifcant increase in glucose metabolizing hormones such as GIP (683.10 pg/mL [95% CI: -457.84; 1824.0]; P = 0.22) and GLP1 (6.98 pg/mL [95% CI: -66.61; 80.57]; P = 0.84) by FCM consumption in comparison to DCY. Nonsignifcant decrease was observed in TNF?? in
the frst periods of the study. Te changes of FBS, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance indices were not statistically signifcant as well. Conclusion: According to preliminary positive in?uences of FCM on in?ammatory markers, and fndings related to glucose metabolism, we suggest conducting further studies on its clinical impacts.
Keywords
Adolescents, chronic disease, fermented camel milk, glucose metabolism, incretin hormones, in?ammation, metabolic syndrome