Serum?based microRNA biomarkers for major depression: MiR?16, miR?135a, and miR?1202

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523820180825Serum?based microRNA biomarkers for major depression: MiR?16, miR?135a, and miR?12021082810828EN20180820Background: Depression is a common medical condition with a high prevalence leading to emotional abnormality. Despite some drawbacks, depression currently diagnosed using a combination of patient interviews and self?report questionnaires. Recently, there is emerging emphasis to establish biomarkers to diagnosis and clinical management of depression. Tis case–control study was designed to develop microRNA (miRNA)?based serum biomarker for depression. Materials and Methods: In this study, 39 patients with depression and 36 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum miRNAs gene expression was measured using real?time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis; fnally, the data represent as the 2–?Ct followed by further statistical analysis. Results: Te serum level of miR?16 was signifcantly (P < 0.001) down?regulated (mean: 0.9123 and standard deviation [SD]: 0.06) in compared to normal individuals (mean: 1.6848 and SD: 0.09). Te concentration of miR?135a was also catastrophically decreased (P < 0.001) in the patients (mean: 1.160 and SD: 0.07) in compared to control (mean: 1.819 and SD: 0.09). Te relative miR?1202 expression levels were signifcantly lower (P < 0.001) in the patients (mean: 0.1755 and SD: 0.01) than in the healthy individuals (mean: 0.2939 and SD: 0.01). Te receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated the obvious separation between patient and healthy control, with an AUC of 0.75 (95% confdence interval [CI] = 0.642–0.858, P < 0.001), 0.72 (95% CI = 0.607–0.834, P < 0.001), and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.630–0.861, P < 0.001) for miR?16, miR?135a, and miR?1202, respectively. Te data suggest that these miRNAs have a potential to be used as a biomarker of depression with sensitivity 77.8% and specifcity of 61.5% for miR?16, 94.4% and 41.0% for miR?135a as well as 86.1% and 61.5% for miR?1202, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our fndings showed that these miRNA can be used as a biomarker of depression diagnosis. MiR?135a and miR?1202 exhibited better sensitivity and specifcity, respectively.http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10828http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10828/5656

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523820180825Comparison of the effects of pegylated granulocyte?colony stimulating factor and granulocyte?colony stimulating factor on cytopenia induced by dose?dense chemotherapy in breast cancer patients1082410824EN20180820<table class="NormalTable"><tbody><tr><td width="550">Background and Objective: Myelosuppression is one of the frequent side e?ects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Granulocyte?colony stimulating factor (G?CSF) and pegylated G?CSF are used for the prevention of neutropenia after chemotherapy. Pegylated G?CSF has longer half?life of action and can be used as a single dose in comparison to G?CSF. Te aim of this study is to compare the grade of cytopenia and side e?ects between G?CSF and biosimilar pegylated G?CSF in breast cancer patients treated with dose?dense chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: In the cross?over clinical trial study, 24 women with breast cancer were randomly divided into two groups and treated with dose?dense chemotherapy. Te frst group was treated with single dose of 6 mg biosimilar pegylated G?CSF 24 h after the frst course of chemotherapy and the second course was followed by 300 µg daily injection of G?CSF for 6 days. Te chemotherapy regimen was combination of doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2. Te second group was treated with G?CSF after the frst course and pegylated G?CSF after the second course. Cell blood count (CBC) and side e?ects were evaluated 1 and 2 weeks after both courses of chemotherapy. Results: In this study, no signifcant carryover e?ect and treatment e?ect about the CBC parameters was found between pegylated G?CSF and G?CSF. Patients who were treated with biosimilar pegylated G?CSF had signifcantly higher side e?ects such as bone pain (P = 0.09) and gastrointestinal e?ects (P = 0.005) in comparison to G?CSF. Conclusion: G?CSF and biosimilar pegylated G?CSF are e?ective in reducing cytopenia in breast cancer patients treated with dose?dense chemotherapy, but side e?ects induced by pegylated G?CSF (Pegagen) are higher. </td></tr></tbody></table>http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10824http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10824/5658

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523820180825Attenuation of lipid peroxidation and atherogenic factors in diabetic patients treated with gliclazide and metformin1082210822EN20180820Background: Diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and considered as a major risk factor for cardiac disease. We attempted to investigate the role of oral antidiabetic (OAD) agents gliclazide and metformin in lowering the lipid peroxidation and managing the risk for cardiovascular (CV) complications in diabetic patients in comparison with nondiabetic healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Tis cross?sectional study was comprised of 150 individuals grouped in three, namely, Group A (n = 60) healthy volunteers, Group B (n = 30) newly diagnosed diabetes, and Group C (n = 60) diabetes treated with OAD. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and Vitamin C were assessed for studying lipid peroxidation status, whereas serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol were monitored as predictors for CV risk. Results: We found signifcantly higher concentrations of MDA and NO levels (P < 0.001) in both groups of patients (Group B and C) in comparison to control group (Group A). Regarding antioxidants, signifcantly lower concentrations of Vitamin C (P = 0.046) were found in Group B and C compared to Group A. Moreover, there was signifcant di?erence exhibited in concentration level of MDA (P = 0.001) and NO (P = 0.015) between Group B and C, whereas di?erence of Vitamin C (P = 0.147) was not statistically signifcant. Conclusions: Our data confrmed that treatment with gliclazide and metformin signifcantly reduced the lipid peroxidation accompanied with attenuated levels of serum TGs and cholesterol and suggested that oral hypoglycemic agents have great impact to reduce the oxidative stress and increase the antioxidant status in diabetes. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10822http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10822/5660

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523820180825Pulse wave analyzed cardiovascular parameters in young first degree relatives of hypertensives1082510825EN20180820Background: First?degree relatives (FDRs) of hypertensive (HT) are predisposed to hypertension (HTN) which accelerates cardiovascular aging. Same can be studied noninvasively by pulse wave analysis (PWA), encompassing central hemodynamics such as central blood pressure (cBP), cardiac output, and stroke work (SW) and vascular sti?ness parameters such as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index at HR 75 (AIx@75). We studied PWA?derived cardiovascular parameters in FDRs of HT compared to controls. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case–control study in 119 FDRs of HT and 119 matched controls. Oscillometric PWA was performed by Mobil?o?Graph (IEM, Germany) and cardiovascular parameters were compared. P < 0.05 was considered statistically signifcant. Results: Groups were comparable with gender, age, height, weight, body mass index, and physical activity. FDRs of HT had signifcantly higher brachial and cBPs, SW (101.41 ± 25.44 vs. 88.31 ± 20.25, P = 0.001), rate pressure product?119.40 ± 25.34 vs. 108.34 ± 18.17, P < 0.0001), PWV (5.22 ± 0.46, P < 0.0001), and AIx@75 (31.48 ± 9.01 vs. 27.95 ± 9.4, P = 0.002) than control. Dependent study variables correlated with brachial blood pressure more in magnitude and signifcance level than age or anthropometric variables. PWA results of FDR with maternal inheritance did not di?er signifcantly from those with paternal inheritance. Conclusion: PWA reveals early cardiovascular aging in young FDRs of HTs. It clues to future cardiovascular disease including HTN itself, need for primary prevention, and further study for consolidation of these results. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10825http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10825/5661

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523820180825Serum levels of serotonin as a biomarker of newly diagnosed fibromyalgia in women: Its relation to the platelet indices1082710827EN20180820Background: Tis study aimed to assess the serum serotonin levels in the newly diagnosed fbromyalgia (FM) and to relate these levels to the presenting signs and symptoms. Materials and Methods: Tis case–control study included 35 healthy women (Group I) served as controls and 130 women with newly diagnosed FM (Group II). Te diagnosis of FM was confrmed by the diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology?10. Te assessment of pain using a revised fbromyalgia impact questionnaire and tender points scoring, blood platelet indices, and serum serotonin levels were determined. Results: Group II patients had signifcantly (P < 0.001) higher values of mean platelet volume (MPV) (10.60 ± 1.57fL) and platelet width distribution (16.25 ± 1.45%) than the corresponding values in Group I (8.73 ± 0.81fL and 15.0 ± 1.15%). Signifcant low?serum serotonin levels observed in Group II patients compared with Group I healthy individuals (187.3 ± 50.3 ng/ml vs. 219.5 ± 78.3 ng/ml, P = 0.026). Multiple linear regression analysis showed the nonsignifcant correlations between serum serotonin levels and platelet indices in Group II patients. Conclusion: Newly diagnosed FM women have signifcantly low?serum serotonin levels, which does not correlate with a signifcant increment of the platelet activity expressed as increase MPV and platelet width distribution percentage. Terefore, this study highlighted that the correction of serum serotonin level by medicines could help the patients. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10827http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10827/5662

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523820180825How may Doppler indices help in the differentiation of obstructive from nonobstructive hydronephrosis?1082910829EN20180825Background: We assess the potency of different Doppler indices in the differentiation of obstructive and nonobstructive hydronephrosis. Materials and Methods: In this study, infants and children who were referred for the evaluation of unilateral hydronephrosis were enrolled. Ultrasonography for the assessment of the degree of hydronephrosis and a voiding cystourethrogram for the exclusion of vesicoureteral re?ux was performed. Ten, Doppler ultrasonography was done for both kidneys of each patient using four classic Doppler indices as well as the di?erence (delta) of each index between to kidneys. Diuretic renography with 99 mTc?ethylene dicysteine (99 mTc?EC) was performed for each patient. Results: Tirty?nine patients met the inclusion criteria. After diuretic renography, 29 (74.35%) patients had shown a nonobstructive pattern, and ten (25.65%) patients had a partial (intermediate) or complete obstruction. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, none of the classic indices of Doppler duplex (i.e., resistive index [RI], resistance index, end diastolic velocity, and peak systolic velocity) had the ability to make a di?erence between obstructive and nonobstructive hydronephrosis. However, by calculating the di?erence (delta) of these indices between two kidneys of each patient, delta RI could di?erentiate the nonobstructive condition, signifcantly (P = 0.006). A cuto? value of 0.055 has 60% sensitivity and 82.8% specifcity. Te area under the ROC curve for delta RI is 0.795 (standard error: 0.086, 95% confdence interval [CI]: 0.626, 0.964). Furthermore, RI ratio between two kidneys of each patient could di?erentiate the nonobstructive condition, signifcantly (P = 0.012). A cuto? point of 1.075 has 70% sensitivity and 82.8% specifcity. Te area under the ROC curve for RI ratio was 0.769 (standard error: 0.104, 95% CI: 0.565, 0.973). Conclusion: Tis study shows that RI ratio and delta RI with a high specifcity could di?erentiate nonobstructive hydronephrosis and therefore it is a promising way to use especially in the follow?up of children with hydronephrosis.http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10829http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10829/5663

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523820180825Vitamin D, the gut microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease1082610826EN20180820Vitamin D has an important role in bone metabolism but recently has been recognized as an immunoregulator, and this has led to investigations on the e?ect of Vitamin D supplementation in various autoimmune diseases and its anti?in?ammatory e?ects. Tere is some evidence that Vitamin D can regulate gastrointestinal in?ammation. In addition, previous studies have shown that Vitamin D can a?ect the gut microbiome. Te aim of this review is to evaluate the e?ect of Vitamin D on in?ammatory processes, especially its relation to the in?ammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gut microbiome. Tere is some evidence that Vitamin D can regulate gastrointestinal in?ammation, with epidemiological studies showing that individuals with higher serum Vitamin D have a lower incidence of IBD, particularly Crohn’s disease. Vitamin D changes transcription of cathelicidin and DEFB4 (defensin, beta 4) that can a?ect the gut microbiome. Several cell types of the immune system express Vitamin D receptor, and hence the use of Vitamin D in immune regulation has some potential. Furthermore, Vitamin D defciency leads to dysbiosis of gut microbiome and reported to cause severe colitis. Vitamin D supplementation is low cost and available and can be a therapeutic option. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10826http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10826/5657

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523820180825Rare histological subtype of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma diagnosed by multidisciplinary approach1082110821EN20180820<table class="NormalTable"><tbody><tr><td width="550">Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma (PAS) is a rare mesenchymal tumor mostly diagnosed in middle?aged women. In a 63?year?old female, the radiological fndings showed cavitation in the left upper lobe of the lung and infltrative tumor mass around the left pulmonary artery. PAS consisted of small, round tumor cells with about 80% of mitotic activity and with myxoid background and specifc immunoprofle and diagnosed as undi?erentiated sarcoma with round cell features type. Te fnal diagnosis of PAS was established according to the pathohistological, chest computed tomography scan, and surgery fnding.</td></tr></tbody></table> <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10821

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523820180825Unmet health?care needs in people with disabilities: An evidence to make reforms in health insurance programs in Iran1082310823EN20180820---http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10823http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10823/5659