Comparison of support vector machine based on genetic algorithm with logistic regression to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523720180728Comparison of support vector machine based on genetic algorithm with logistic regression to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea1082010820EN20180728Background: Diagnosing of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an important subject in medicine. Tis study aimed to compare the performance of two data mining techniques, support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR), in diagnosing OSA. Te best?ft model was used as a substitute for polysomnography (PSG), which is the gold standard for diagnosing this disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 patients with sleep problems complaints and whose disease had been diagnosed by PSG and referred to the Sleep Disorders Research Center of Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah, between 2012 and 2015 were recruited in this study. To ft the best LR model, a model was frst ftted with all variables and then compared with a model made from the signifcant variables using Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). Te SVM model and radial basis function (RBF) kernel, whose parameters had been optimized by genetic algorithm, were used to diagnose OSA. Results: Based on AIC, the best LR model obtained from this study was a model ftted with all variables. Te performance of fnal LR model was compared with SVM model, revealing the accuracy 0.797 versus 0.729, sensitivity 0.714 versus 0.777, and specifcity 0.847 vs. 0.702, respectively. Conclusion: Both models were found to have an appropriate performance. However, considering accuracy as an important criterion for comparing the performance of models in this domain, it can be argued that SVM could have a better efciency than LR in diagnosing OSA in patients. http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10820http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10820/5645

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523720180728Association of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif member 13 polymorphisms with severity of coronary stenosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus1081810818EN20180728<table class="NormalTable"><tbody><tr><td width="550">Background: Te imbalance of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif member 13 (ADAMTS13) has been associated with atherosclerosis progression. A high level of vWF which regulates thrombus formation is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), and some ADAMTS13 and vWF polymorphisms have e?ects on their levels. Terefore, this study aimed to evaluate the associations of ADAMTS13 and vWF polymorphisms and their levels with DM and severity of coronary stenosis. Materials and Methods: Eighty?seven DM and 84 control individuals were recruited. vWF and ADAMTS13 activities as well as vWF antigen were measured by collagen?binding assay (CBA), residual?CBA, and in?house enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. ADAMTS13 and vWF polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction?restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Te E and G alleles and AA genotype of ADAMTS13 Q448E, rs2073932, and rs652600, respectively, were independently associated with DM (odds ratio [OR] [95% confdence interval (CI)] = 2.5 [1.1, 5.6], 2.3 [1.0, 5.2], and 4.7 [1.2, 18.6], respectively). Moreover, E allele and AA genotype of Q448E and rs652600 were also signifcantly associated with multi?vessel disease (OR [95% CI] = 2.2 [1.0, 4.8] and 3.2 [1.0, 10.0], respectively), while the E and G allele of Q448E and rs2073932 were associated with high Gensini score (OR [95% CI] = 2.3 [1.1, 4.9] and 2.3 [1.1, 5.1], respectively). Conclusion: Association of ADAMTS13 polymorphisms with DM, number of vessel stenosis, and Gensini score may indicate the possible contribution of ADAMTS13 polymorphisms to atherosclerosis progression and severity of coronary stenosis in DM. </td></tr></tbody></table>http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10818http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10818/5647

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523720180728Chemotherapy?related infectious complications in patients with Hematologic malignancies1081710817EN20180728Background: Te objective of the present study was to determine the association between chemotherapy and infectious complications in patients diagnosed with Hematologic malignancies (HMs). Materials and Methods: Te study included 463 patients diagnosed with HMs multiple myeloma (MM), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), non?HL (NHL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia, between January 2014 and June 2015. Te patients were followed for 1 year after inclusion, to record the infectious complications. Te collected data included age, sex, type of chemotherapy regimen, and several blood tests at admission. All patients received prophylactic treatment with antibiotics and antifungal agents. For each infection, we recorded the microbiological diagnosis and the day of occurrence since HMs diagnosis. Results: In patients with MM, we found that the treatment with growth factors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.2; confdence interval [CI] 95%: 1–4.6; P = 0.03) was associated with a higher chance of infectious complications. In patients with non?Hodgkin lymhoma (LNH), the following drugs were associated with a higher infectious incidence: cytarabine (HR: 2.3; CI 95%: 1–5; P = 0.03), methotrexate (HR: 2.1; CI 95%: 1.8–4; P = 0.01), dexamethasone (HR: 1.7; CI 95%: 0.9–3; P = 0.06), growth factors (HR: 1.7; CI 95%: 0.9–3.2; P = 0.001), and etoposide (HR: 2.5; CI 95%: 1.5–4.2; P = 0.002). Cytarabine (induction) (HR: 2; CI 95%: 1.1–3.7; P = 0.01), cytarabine (consolidation) (HR: 2.1; CI 95%: 1.3–3.5; P = 0.01), and growth factors (HR: 2.1; CI 95%: 1.3–3.5; P = 0.002) were often on the therapeutic plan of patients with AML, which developed infections. Conclusion: Regarding the chemotherapy regimen, the highest incidences of infectious complications were observed for growth factors and cytarabine.http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10817http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10817/5648

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523720180728Can routine peripheral blood counts like neutrophil?to?lymphocyte ratio be beneficial in prediagnosis of testicular cancer and its stages?1081610816EN20180728Background: Te purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic role of preoperative hematological parameters, especially neutrophil?to?lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet?to?lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) in germ cell testicular malignancies and their prediagnostic role in staging of testicular cancer. Materials and Methods: In this cross?sectional retrospective study, we analyzed 39 patients who underwent radical orchiectomy due to a testicular cancer (Group 1) and 82 patients on whom varicocelectomy procedure was performed as control group (Group 2) between January 2006 and January 2016 in our clinic. Evaluation of the preoperative hematological parameters in both groups and also the subgroups in malignancy group according to histopathological stages was conducted in this study. Results: When the hematological parameters were compared, a statistically signifcant di?erence was found between the two groups in terms of neutrophil counts, NLR, PLR, and MPV. NLR and PLR were signifcantly higher and MPV was signifcantly lower in testicular cancer group compared to the control group. NLR was 3.1 ± 1.4 and 2.0 ± 1.5, PLR was 141.3 ± 53.2 and 115.7 ± 44.8, and MPV was 8.9 ± 1.0 and 9.3 ± 1.1 for testicular cancer and control groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, di?erences were observed between only mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and MPV (P < 0.05) in di?erent stages of malignancy. Conclusion: In accordance with these fndings, NLR, PLR, and MPV may be helpful for prediagnosis of testicular malignancies. Hematological parameters will become important in the preoperative assessment for those patients.http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10816http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10816/5649

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523720180728Clinical assessment of patients with acromegaly1081410814EN20180728Background: In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate treatment outcomes and treatment methods in acromegaly patients. Materials and Methods: Te study included 65 acromegaly patients followed in Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine Department of Endocrinology in Turkey between 2004 and 2013. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological data were obtained retrospectively from the medical fles of the patients. All cases have been discussed in the endocrinology and pituitary surgery council, and a multidisciplinary treatment approach had been chosen in management. Results: Sixty?fve patients were included in the study. Of the patients, 57% were female. Mean age was 45.3 ± 9.2 years old. Of the cases, 12.3% were microadenomas (n = 8, tumor diameter <10 mm) and 87.6% were macroadenomas (n = 57, tumor diameter ?10 mm). In our study, 70% remission was achieved with the frst operation and medical treatment. Patients with invasive acromegaly without remission after the frst operation underwent reoperation, medical treatment, and conventional or stereotactic radiotherapy and achieved 45% remission rate. Conclusion: Pituitary surgery is the frst treatment option for acromegaly. In patients who could not be remissioned after the frst operation, remission can be achieved by combined therapy consist of reoperation, medical treatment, and conventional or stereotactic radiotherapy.http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10814http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10814/5651

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523720180728The association between index of nutritional quality and ulcerative colitis: A case–control study1081310813EN20180728Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic in?ammatory bowel disease. Recent studies have shown that dietary factors play an important role in the development of UC. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) is a suitable method that analyzes quantitatively and qualitatively single foods, meals, and diets. Te aim of this study was to determine the association between INQ and UC. Materials and Methods: Overall, 62 newly diagnosed cases with UC and 124 healthy age? and sex?matched controls were studied in a referral hospital in Tabriz, Iran. INQ scores were calculated based on information on the usual diet that was measured by a valid and reliable Food Frequency Questionnaire consisting of 168 food items. Logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education, smoking, Helicobacter pylori, family history of UC, appendectomy, alcohol, and total energy intake was used to estimate multivariable odds ratios (ORs). Results: After controlling for several covariates, we found inverse associations between UC risk and INQs of Vitamin C (OR = 0.34 [0.16–0.73]) and folate (OR = 0.11 [0.01–0.99]). In crude model of analysis, cases had a higher intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, and iron compared to controls, whereas controls had higher intakes of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, folate, and biotin compared to cases. Conclusion: Our results indicate that enough consumption of Vitamin C and folate was associated with lower risk of UC.http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10813http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10813/5652

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523720180728The relationship between L?leucine?7?amido ?4?methyl coumarin 1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to the chronic hepatitis B virus infection in an Iranian population1081110811EN20180728Background: Lamnin has important effects on human immunity system. The current study aimed to assess the role of L?leucine?7?amido?4?methyl coumarin 1 gene polymorphisms on hepatitis B virus (HBV) susceptibility. Materials and Methods: Te rs20558, rs20563, rs10911193, rs10911251, and rs1413390 polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR?reaction–restriction fragment?length polymorphism and amplifcation?refractory mutation system?PCR using three di?erent groups including chronic HBV?infected patients, HBV patients who were resolved their infection spontaneously and healthy volunteers. Laminin concentrations were also measured in the blood of these individuals. Results: People with rs20558C, rs20563G, and rs10911193T alleles have an increased risk of HBV infection. Moreover, we found that CGTAT haplotype was more frequent in chronically infected people who could a?ect the mechanism of disease. Furthermore, there was a signifcant relationship between laminin concentration and rs20558, rs20563, and rs10911193 genotypes in patients. Conclusion: According to the statistical analysis, rs20558, rs20563, rs10911193 polymorphisms probably, related to the chronic HBV infection. In addition, no association of the rs10911251, rs1413390 single nucleotide polymorphisms with the disease was found.http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10811http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10811/5655

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523720180728The complex effects of adipokines in the patients with kidney disease1081910819EN20180728Kidney diseases are categorized as the highest prevalent ones with worldwide noticeable incidence. Tey cause accelerated cardiovascular diseases and noticeable mortalities. Adipose tissue and its messengers, adipokines, are reported to have the highest relationship with end?stage renal diseases or chronic kidney diseases. Over recent years, with shifting of scientists’ mindset from a simple overview of adipose tissue as a fat store to the complex paradigm of this issue as a multipotential secretory organ, the importance of studies on this tissue has emerged.http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10819http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10819/5646

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523720180728Mycobacterium tuberculosis and lipids: Insights into molecular mechanisms from persistence to virulence1081210812EN20180728Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a causative agent of tuberculosis that causes deaths across the world. Te pathogen apart from causing disease manifestations can also enter into a phase of latency to re?emerge later. Among the various factors associated with the virulence of pathogen, the lipids composing the cell wall of the bacillus have drawn much interest among. Te unique composition of the cell wall composed of mycolic acid, glycolipids such as diacyltrehaloses, polyacyltrehalose, lipomannan, lipoarabinomannan (LAM), mannose?capped?LAM, sulfolipids, and trehalose?6,6’?dimycolate, all have been implicated in providing the pathogen an advantage in the host. Te pathogen also alters its metabolism of fatty acids to survive the conditions in the host that is re?ected in an altered cell wall composition in terms of lipids. In addition, the lipid profle of the cell wall has been shown to modulate the immune responses launched by the host, especially in the suppression, or roduction of in?ammatory factors, cytokines, and phagocytic cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Apart from M. tuberculosis, the paper also brie?y looks at the role of Mycobacterium bovis and its role in tuberculosis in humans along with its lipid profle of its cell wall. Tis review aims to summarize the various lipids of the cell wall of M. tuberculosis along with their roles in enabling the pathogen to maintain its virulence to infect further humans and its persistence inside the host. http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10812http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10812/5654

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199523720180728A rare complication of nasogastric tube insertion1081510815EN20180728---http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10815http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10815/5650