Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199515620100907Are there any differences between features of proteins expressed in malignant and benign breast cancers?299309ENBioinformatics Research Group, Green Research Center, Qom University, Qom, Iran.Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.Member of Young Researcher Club, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran.Department of Informatics, Saarland University, Saarbrucken, Germany.200912202010061320100519<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[endif]--> <ul><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The most common cancer among women is breast cancer and it has been blamed as the second leading<span> </span>cause of cancer death in women; so far many approaches have been used to analyze and detect benign and malignant<span> </span>forms of cancer and understanding the features involved in proteins expressed by various types of breast cancers is crucial.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">METHODS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Herein features of proteins expressed in malignant, benign and both cancers were compared using different<span> </span>screening techniques, clustering methods, decision tree models and generalized rule induction (GRI) algorithms to look<span> </span>for patterns of similarity in two benign and malignant breast cancer groups.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">RESULTS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The findings showed that the N-terminal amino acid was Met and 57 out of 838 proteins' features ranked as<span> </span>important (p > 0.05). The depth of the trees induced by tree induction models varied from 5 (in the Quest model) to 2<span> </span>(in the C5.0 model) branches. The best performance evaluation found when C&RT model applied and the worst evaluation<span> </span>found when CHAID model applied. No significant difference in the percentage of correctness, performance evaluation,<span> </span>and mean correctness in tree induction algorithms was found when feature selection applied on datasets, but the<span> </span>number of peer groups reduced significantly (p < 0.05) when feature selection model applied.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">CONCLUSIONS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The frequency of Ile-Ile was the most important protein attributes in all tree and rule induction models.<span> </span>The importance of sequence-based classification and the frequency of Ile-Ile in prediction of malignant and benign<span> </span>breast cancer have been discussed here.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">KEYWORDS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Bioinformatics, Modeling, Breast Cancer, Malignant, Benign.</span></li></ul>http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/4622http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/4622/2160Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199515620100907Efficacy of interferon alpha-2b with or without ribavirin in thalassemia major patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a randomized, double blind, controlled, parallel group trial310316ENAssociate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Resident of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.201002222010051720100512<ul><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of monotherapy with interferon alpha-2b and<span> </span>combination therapy with interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin on chronic hepatitis C infection in thalassaemic patients.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">METHODS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">In parallel group randomized, double blind, controlled trial, 32 thalassaemic patients with chronic hepatitis<span> </span>C infection completed the study. In a random fashion, one group was treated with three million units of interferon alpha-<span> </span>2b three times a week plus ribavirin (800-1200 mg daily). The second group received interferon alpha-2b alone.<span> </span>Treatment duration was 24-48 weeks. Primary efficacy variables were HCV RNA after treatment and sustained viral<span> </span>response (SVR) six months after treatment.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">RESULTS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The mean age of patients was 22 ± 7.4 years; 19 (59.4%) were male and 13 (40.6) were female. At the end of<span> </span>treatment, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in HCV RNA and AST. The proportion<span> </span>of patients with SVR six months after treatment was significantly greater in the monotherapy group (90.9%) than in the<span> </span>combination therapy group (44.4%; p = 0.049). A significant difference in mean of ALT was also obtained at the end of<span> </span>treatment between monotherapy and <span><span> </span></span>combination therapy groups (30.4 ± 19.2 and 60.1 ± 48.9, respectively; p = 0.02).<span> </span>Response rates were not associated with genotype and severity of hepatitis C infection in both groups.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">CONCLUSIONS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">These results suggest that monotherapy may be considered as the first-line therapy in patients with thalassemia.<span> </span></span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">KEYWORDS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hepatitis C Virus, Interferon, Ribavirin, Thalassemia.</span></li></ul><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]-->http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/5064http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/5064/2127Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199515620101212A randomized cross-over trial on soy intake and serum leptin levels in women with metabolic syndrome317323ENAssociate Editor, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. Assistant Professor of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences201007032010072520100817<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: kashida; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Background:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Soy consumption may affect serum leptin levels and exert its beneficial effects in this way.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: kashida; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> This study was conducted to assess the effect of soy consumption on serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: kashida; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Methods and Findings:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> This was a randomized cross-over clinical trial on 42 postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. Three kinds of diets were consumed by the patients: control diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension= DASH), soy protein diet, or soy nut diet, each for eight weeks. Serum leptin level was measured by ELISA method. No significant changes in the weight of patients were seen during three phases of trial. There was not significant difference between the end values of serum leptin concentrations following these diets </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(Geometric mean ±SD: 16.9±2.5 ng/ml at the end of control diet, 16.1±1.6 ng/ml at the end of soy protein diet, and 15.9±1.7 ng/ml at the end of soy nut diet).</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Percent difference compared to control for serum leptin levels showed that neither soy protein nor soy nut diets could significantly alter this variable (P=0.32). </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: kashida; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> The results of the present study showed neither soy protein, nor soy nut could affect weight and serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. </span></span></p>http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/5692http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/5692/2308Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199515620101016The antibody titers to Helicobacter pylori in 7-12 year old iron deficiency anemic children, in Ilam324330ENMS of Immunology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.PhD of Immunology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.PhD of Medical Statistics, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.MD, Clinical Department, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.MD, Clinical Department, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.2010052320100717<ul><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">It has recently been revealed that H. pylori infection is one the most important causes of anemia inhibiting<span> </span>iron uptake. The current study was designed to evaluate the correlation between the iron deficiency anemia and IgG<span> </span>to H. pylori in anemic children.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">METHODS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">In this analytical study, 100 anemic children were analyzed using total Iron, Ferritin, TIBC and H. pylori<span> </span>IgG assay. Data were collected using a questionnaire including parameters of age, blood group, infancy nutrition, iron<span> </span>consumption, fatigue, weakness, height, weight, gastrointestinal infectious, parasitic and blood diseases, parent literacy,<span> </span>income, inhabitation, etc. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Regression Analysis Models, Pearson Correlation-test<span> </span>and Kolmogrov Smirnov.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">RESULTS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The most prevalent blood group detected in the study sample was group O (62%); 79% were breastfed, 9%<span> </span>were bottle-fed, 12% were both breastfed and bottle-fed. The history of gastrointestinal disorders was mentioned<span> </span>amongst 91% of the patients' family members. A significant relationship was observed between the iron level with serum,<span> </span>ferritin, level of TIBC and elevated level of IgG titer to H. pylori (p < 0.001). There was a significant association<span> </span>between the shared dishes, GI disorders, fatigue and weakness and level of TIBC, ferritin, Iron and IgG (p < 0.001).</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">CONCLUSIONS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The significant relationship between the iron level, IgG titer and H. pylori infection rate can be referred<span> </span>to as important factors influencing the anemia rate. Therefore, H. pylori IgG test can be checked for anemia together<span> </span>with the other routine tests.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">KEYWORDS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Iron Deficiency Anemia, Helicobacter Pylori, Ferritin.</span></li></ul><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[endif]-->http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/5510http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/5510/2176Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199515620101016The effect of hypocaloric diet enriched in legumes with or without L- arginine and selenium on anthropometric measures in central obese women331343ENStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Nutrition Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Department of Vital Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Nutrition Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.201002182010071120100530<ul><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Identifying new ways to decrease adiposity will be very valuable for health. The aim of this study was<span> </span>to find out whether L-Arginine (Arg) and selenium alone or together can increase the effect of hypocaloric diet enriched<span> </span>in legumes (HDEL) on anthropometric measures in healthy obese women.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">METHODS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken in 84 healthy premenopausal<span> </span>women with central obesity. After 2 weeks of run-in on an isocaloric diet, participants were randomly considered to eat<span> </span>HDEL, Arg (5 g/d) and HDEL, selenium (200 µg/d) and HDEL or Arg, selenium and HDEL for 6 weeks. The following<span> </span>variables were assessed before intervention and 3 and 6 weeks after it: weight, waist circumference, hip circumference,<span> </span>waist to hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and fasting nitrite/nitrate (NO</span><span style="font-size: 6.5pt;">x</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">) concentrations. Other variables<span> </span>(arm, thigh, calf and breast circumferences, subscapular, triceps, biceps and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, sum of</span></li><li><span style="font-size: 10pt;">skinfold thicknesses (SSF), body density (D) and estimated percent of body fat (EPF)) were assessed before and after<span> </span>intervention.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">RESULTS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">HDEL showed a significant effect in reduction of waist, hip, arm, thigh, calf and breast circumferences, triceps,<span> </span>biceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, WHR, SSF, D and EPF. HDEL + Arg + selenium significantly<span> </span>reduced suprailiac skinfold thicknesses; and there was no significant effect of HDEL, Arg, selenium and Arg plus<span> </span>selenium on weight, BMI and fasting NO</span><span style="font-size: 6.5pt;">x</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">CONCLUSIONS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The study indicates that HDEL + Arg + selenium reduce suprailiac skinfold thicknesses which represents<span> </span>the abdominal obesity reduction.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">KEYWORDS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">L-Arginine, Selenium, Low Calorie Diet, Legumes, Abdominal Obesity.</span></li></ul><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]-->http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/5040http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/5040/2186Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199515620100907Effect of decompressive hemicraniectomy on mortality of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction344347ENMD, Associate Professor of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MD, Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MD, Resident of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MD, Research Assistant, Medical Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.201005212010070820100710<br /><ul><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the leading causes of mortality in patients with malignant<span> </span>infarction of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). We prospectively evaluated patients with MCA infarction for one<span> </span>month survival after decompressive hemicraniectomy.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">METHODS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">This study was conducted at Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan (Iran). Twenty patients with infarction in<span> </span>total MCA distribution area, resulting in midline shift of brain tissue for greater than 5mm, underwent decompressive<span> </span>hemicraniectomy. Mortality rate was estimated one month after surgery.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">RESULTS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Patients were 8 (40%) males and 12 (60%) females with a mean age of 49.9 ± 3.8 (25 to 70) years. Left and<span> </span>right MCA were involved in 7 (35%) and 13 (65%) patients, respectively. Four (20%) patients died within one month<span> </span>after surgery (3 females and one male, mean age of 59.0 ± 4.5 vs. 47.6 ± 3.4 in survived patients, p < 0.001). The mean<span> </span>of baseline Glasscow Coma Scale (GCS) score estimated 8.60 ± 1.55 in survived patients and 6.75 ± 0.95 in patients<span> </span>who died (p < 0.05).</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">CONCLUSIONS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The survival rate of malignant MCA infarction treated with decompressive hemicraniectomy was the<span> </span>same as previous reports. MCA infarction mortality increased with age and lower admission GCS score.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">KEYWORDS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hemicraniectomy, MCA Infarction, Malignant Infarction, Mortality.</span></li></ul><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui></object> <mce:style><! st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } --> <!--[endif]--><!--[endif]-->http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/5491http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/5491/2175Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199515620100907Review of cellular and molecular pathways linking thrombosis and innate immune system during sepsis348358EN2010051720100618<br /><ul><li><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Cellular and molecular pathways link thrombosis and innate immune system during sepsis. Extrinsic pathway activation<span> </span>of protease thrombin through FVIIa and tissue factor (TF) in sepsis help activate its endothelial cell (EC) membrane<span> </span>Protease Activated Receptor 1 (PAR-1). Thrombin adjusts the EC cycle through activation of G proteins (G12/13), and<span> </span>later through Rho GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors), and provides a path for Rho GTPases mediated cytoskeletal<span> </span>responses involved in shape change and permeability of the EC membrane leading to an increase of leakage<span> </span>of plasma proteins.<span> </span>At the same time, thrombin stimulates spontaneous mitogenesis by inducing activation of the cell cycle from G0-G1 to<span> </span>S by down-regulation of p27Kip1, a negative regulator of the cell cycle, in association with the up-regulation of S-phase<span> </span>kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2). After transport in cytoplasm, p27 Kip1 binds to RhoA thus prevent activation of<span> </span>RhoA by GEFs, thus inhibit GDP-GTP exchange mediated by GEFs. In cytoplasm, releasing factor (RF) p27-RF-Rho is<span> </span>able to free RhoA. P27 RF-Rho binds p27kip1 and prevents p27kip1 from binding to RhoA. Exposed RhoA is later able<span> </span>to increase the expression of the F-box protein Skp2, after its Akt triggered 14-3-3-</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: TimesNewRoman;">β</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">-dependent cytoplasm relocation.<span> </span>Skp2 increases cytoplasm ubiquitination-dependent degradation of p27Kip1. Additionally, after septic induction of canonical<span> </span>NF-kB pathway in EC through TLR4/IRAK4/TRAF/IkB, an IKK</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: TimesNewRoman;">α </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">dimer phosphorylates the p52 precursor NFkB2/<span> </span>p100, leading to p100 processing and translocation of RelB/p52 to the nucleus. By controlling the NF-kB-RelB<span> </span>complex, IKK</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: TimesNewRoman;">α </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">signaling regulates the transcription of the Skp2 and correspondingly p27Kip1.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">KEYWORDS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Inherited Immune System, Thrombin, PAR, TLR, Cell Cycle.</span></li></ul><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]-->http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/5470http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/5470/2172Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199515620101016Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in women with breast cancer359363ENAssistant Professor of Hematology, Sayyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Research Assistant, East Sage Investigative Corporation, Isfahan Science and Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran.Assistant Professor of Pathology, Pathology Department, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.General Practitioner, Sayyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.200904072010071920100720<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The association of solid tumors with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is rare. However, there have been some<span> </span>case reports indicating an association between breast cancer and ITP. In this article four patients with breast cancer and<span> </span>ITP are mentioned. The diagnosis of breast cancer was based on the results of biopsy or surgical sample. The ITP diagnosis<span> </span>criteria were 1) exclusion of drug induced thrombocytopenia, 2) platelet count less than 140 × 109 /l with normal<span> </span>or increased number of megakaryocytes on bone marrow samples, and 3) absence of splenomegaly. In this case report<span> </span>an association of breast cancer and ITP is shown.<span> </span></span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">KEYWORDS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Breast Cancer.</span></li></ul>http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/3210http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/3210/2188Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199515620101016Endobronchial leiomyoma; report of a case successfully treated by bronchoscopic resection364370ENAssociate Professor of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Professor of Thoracic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Resident of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Resident of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranAssistant Professor of Anaesthetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Resident of General Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.201002252010072020100707<ul><li></li><li><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Bronchial leiomyoma is extremely rare. To date less than 60 cases have been reported in the world literature. The presented<span> </span>case here is a 30 year old woman who had been treated for bronchial asthma for several years. Her chest radiograph<span> </span>showed bulluos emphysematous changes in the right lung and computer tomography scan found the tumor in the<span> </span>right main bronchus near carina. Diagnosis was made by histological and immunohistochemical examination of the<span> </span>specimens obtained during bronchoscopy. The patient was treated by bonchoscopic resection of the 3 centimetre firm<span> </span>tumor and its removal through a tracheostomy incision.</span></li><li><strong><span style="font-size: 8pt;">KEYWORDS: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Leiomyomas, Bronchial Neoplasm, Bronchoscopic Surgical Procedure, Tracheal Incision, Immunolabeling<span> </span>Techniques.</span></li></ul><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[endif]-->http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/5075http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/5075/2189Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-199515620100907Normal Olfaction Range of Rasht Residents with a New Test Designed for the Region371372ENOtolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department and Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Rasht, Iran.Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department and Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Rasht, Iran.Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department and Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Rasht, Iran.Resident of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Rasht, Iran.2010042420100607<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: kashida; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; text-kashida: 0%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Frutiger Linotype","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Background:</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> An important part of one's information from surrounding environment comes through olfactory system. So its disorders regardless of the reason can lead to many problems. An appropriate diagnostic smell test is needed to determine the normal range of olfactory sense, to evaluate patient's complaints and to determine the severity of the problem. It is also helpful in follow- up and choosing the most effective surgical or medical treatment. Unfortunately there is no any locally designed test currently used in Iran. Also, the current tests are difficult to interpret and are usually expensive to run. The objective of this study was developing a standard smell test for Iranians and determination of the normal range of olfactory sense in this region.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: kashida; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; text-kashida: 0%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Frutiger Linotype","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Methods:</span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> In order to find popular odorous items in the region, fifty six well known materials were presented to two hundred, 15-60 years old, normal residents of Rasht. Then 16 materials with the highest scores were selected (based on this consensus) as the test materials. </span><span style="mso-bidi-language: FA;">These were</span></span><strong><span style="font-family: "Frutiger Linotype","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">:</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> gasoline, alcohol, tea, rice, soap, cinnamon, origan, garlic, onion, washing powder, mint, rose water, lemon juice, olive oil, vinegar, vix. Then, these 16 selected materials were presented to 150 people of study group (77 women, 73 men). All materials were presented in identical containers. Participants were requested to smell material at 2 centimeter distance for 3 seconds, without being able to see the material. Then they would choose an answer in a multiple choice questionnaire. Each nostril was tested separately, therefore the total score for two nostril and 16 materials was 32 for each person.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: kashida; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; text-kashida: 0%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Frutiger Linotype","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Results:</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Considering 97 percentile, the normal range of olfactory score for 15-60 years old residents of Rasht was 28 – 32.<span style="color: red;"> </span>Test re test reliability was more than 97%.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: kashida; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; text-kashida: 0%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Frutiger Linotype","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> This olfactory identification test is simple and reliable, with familiar items for Iranian population. It is helpful to evaluate the patients who complain of hyposmia or anosmia and could be use for future studies.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: kashida; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong><span style="line-height: 200%; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></strong></p>http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/5362http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/5362/2128