Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-19952836202311181148811488EN20231118<p><strong>Background:</strong> The use of probiotics in the treatment of infertility is a new area of research. In this study, our objective was to examine the efficacy of probiotic supplementation on semen parameters following varicocelectomy.</p><p><strong> Materials and Methods:</strong> We included infertile men in our study who were the candidates for subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy. After the surgical procedure, the patients were randomly assigned into two groups: 38 individuals received probiotic  upplementation (FamiLact®), while 40 individuals received a placebo for 3 months. We compared the preoperative semen parameters with the postoperative parameters to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 78 patients were included in the study. The two groups were<br />similar in terms of age, body mass index, infertility period, and semen parameters at baseline (P &gt; 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in sperm concentration (33.7 ± 22.5 vs. 21.1 ± 16.1 × 106/mL, P = 0.046), and the percentage of sperms with normal morphology (15.0 ± 8.9 vs. 12.0 ± 11.5, P = 0.016) at 3 months favoring the probiotic group. Although the probiotic group<br />exhibited higher values for semen volume and sperm motility at 3 months, the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.897 and P = 0.177, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study demonstrates that the short?term use of probiotics after varicocelectomy can provide additional benefits in improving semen parameters. Probiotic supplements are cost?effective and well tolerated, making them a suitable option for enhancing the outcomes of varicocelectomy.<br /><br /></p>http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/11488http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/11488/6295