Journal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-1995237201807281081710817EN20180728<span class="fontstyle0">Background: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Te objective of the present study was to determine the association between chemotherapy and infectious complications in patients diagnosed with Hematologic malignancies (HMs). </span><span class="fontstyle0">Materials and Methods: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Te study included 463 patients diagnosed with HMs multiple myeloma (MM), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), non?HL (NHL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia, between January 2014 and June 2015. Te patients were followed for 1 year after inclusion, to record the infectious complications. Te collected data included age, sex, type of chemotherapy<br />regimen, and several blood tests at admission. All patients received prophylactic treatment with antibiotics and antifungal agents. For each infection, we recorded the microbiological diagnosis and the day of occurrence since HMs diagnosis. </span><span class="fontstyle0">Results: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In patients with MM, we found that the treatment with growth factors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.2; confdence interval [CI] 95%: 1–4.6; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.03) was associated with a higher chance of infectious complications. In patients with non?Hodgkin lymhoma (LNH), the following drugs were associated with a higher infectious incidence: cytarabine (HR: 2.3; CI 95%: 1–5; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.03), methotrexate (HR: 2.1; CI 95%: 1.8–4; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.01), dexamethasone (HR: 1.7; CI 95%: 0.9–3; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.06), growth factors (HR: 1.7; CI 95%: 0.9–3.2; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.001), and etoposide (HR: 2.5; CI 95%: 1.5–4.2; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.002). Cytarabine (induction) (HR: 2; CI 95%: 1.1–3.7; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.01), cytarabine (consolidation) (HR: 2.1; CI 95%: 1.3–3.5; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.01), and growth factors (HR: 2.1; CI 95%: 1.3–3.5; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.002) were often on the therapeutic plan of patients with AML, which developed infections. </span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Regarding the chemotherapy regimen, the highest incidences of infectious complications were observed for growth factors and cytarabine.</span>http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/10817http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/download/10817/5648